Presentation by T.N. Thompson, Founder and President of Millrock Technology

In this presentation on freeze-drying, T.N. Thompson provides an introductory overview of the freeze-drying process. Freeze-drying, also known as lyophilization, involves three main steps: freezing, primary drying (sublimation), and secondary drying. Proper freezing is essential for a robust freeze-drying cycle. Incomplete or inconsistent freezing can lead to various problems, including longer primary drying cycles, incomplete drying, high residual moisture content, and disrupted product structures.

This presentation emphasizes the importance of understanding the freezing point and critical temperature of the product. The freezing rate, whether fast or slow, affects ice crystal structure, with slower freezing leading to larger, more suitable ice crystals for sublimation. Annealing, a process of raising and holding the product temperature, can help improve ice crystal consistency.

Webinar Highlights

• Freeze-drying, also known as lyophilization, is a process involving three main steps: freezing, primary drying (sublimation), and secondary drying.
• Proper freezing is crucial for a successful freeze-drying cycle, and factors like freezing point and critical temperature of the product must be considered.
• Inconsistent freezing can lead to variations in ice crystal structure, impacting the overall process’s efficiency and product quality.
• Annealing, a technique involving controlled temperature increases, can enhance ice crystal uniformity and sublimation rates, leading to a more robust freeze-drying cycle.